Inside a control cohort of 27 PSC individuals from Oxford with elevated serum IgG4 ( 1.4 g/L) and no histological evidence of IAC, the percentage of blue\collar workers was 22%. in IgG4\RD. As it was our medical impression that blue\collar workers were dominating our cohort of IAC individuals, we hypothesized that chronic occupational antigen exposure could play a crucial pathogenetic part for the primarily elderly male IgG4\RD individuals. Using a questionnaire, we cautiously investigated the job history of our mostly retired IgG4\RD individuals. Of 25 individuals with IAC and/or autoimmune pancreatitis, 88% experienced a history of blue\collar work of at least 1 year, but often of a whole career (Table 1: e.g., building contractors, plumbers), much more than could be expected on the basis of historic Dutch occupational records. Chronic exposure to solvents, industrial and metal dusts, and pigments and oils used in the automotive market were among the most frequent potential occupational risks. In comparison, among a disease control cohort of 21 individuals with main sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a male\predominant disease with related medical characteristics, only 14% reported a history of working in a blue\collar occupation. Table 1 Job History and Occupational Exposures of the Amsterdam Cohort of Individuals With IgG4\RD (IgG4\Associated Cholangitis, Autoimmune Pancreatitis) thead valign=”bottom” th align=”remaining” valign=”bottom” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Job history of 25 individuals from your Amsterdam cohort ( 1 year) /th th align=”remaining” valign=”bottom” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Recalled regular occupational exposures ( 1 year) /th /thead 1. Musician, painter, metallic worker, carpentersolvents, car paint, metallic, pigments2. Carpentersolvents, sawdust, real wood, chipboard3. Glass worker, project manager at multinationalglass dust, glass components, lead, barium, cobalt, nickel, lead, silica, industrial dust, building sites4. Plasterersolvents, chalk dust, sawdust, real wood, chipwood5. Industrial warehouse forklift driverunknown (deceased)6. Dabigatran etexilate mesylate Industrial fuel/waste oil laboratory, skippersolvents, crude oil, ship waste oil, chemicals7. Miner, tiler, Dabigatran etexilate mesylate bath superintendentsolvents, silica dust, mine dust, asbestos, glue8. Metallic worker, textile workersolvents, metallic dust, textiles, pigments, paints9. Shippingsolvents, asbestos, crude oil10. Painter, army officer, flight plans, tomato farmersolvents, paint, pigments, kerosene, pesticides, friction plate dust11. Paintersolvents, paint, pigments, dust12. Small machine manufacturing plant ownersolvents, car paint, metal dust, asbestos, oils13. Contractor, plumberplumbing materials, dust, sawdust, glue, lead14. Self\used optometristlense glass dust, lense plastic dust, acetone15. Carpentersolvents, sawdust, clipboard, glue16. Bricklayer, industrial cleaner of house wallssolvents, silica dust, concrete dust, brick dust, asbestos17. Mud worker, shipping, mud market managersolvents, oil products, dust18. Contractor, paintersolvents, sawdust, clipboard, paints19. Car market workersolvents, oil products20. Historian, rebuilt 3 houses during last 20 yearssolvents, sawdust, silica dust, paint21. Builder, wall millersolvents, sawdust, silica dust, dust22. Hospital cleanercleaning products23. Teacherno known exposures24. Nurseno known Rabbit polyclonal to Cyclin B1.a member of the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle.Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. exposures25. Unfamiliar (deceased)unfamiliar (deceased) Open in a Dabigatran etexilate mesylate separate windowpane Using the same questionnaire, a trial nurse blinded to our hypothesis and the Amsterdam results replicated this investigation among the Oxford cohort of 44 individuals with founded IgG4\RD. It was found that 61% of the individuals had blue\collar professions and recalled chronic exposures to potentially harmful compounds. Again, rigorous and long term exposure to solvents, industrial dusts, pesticides, or industrial oils or polymers was reported by 52% of IgG4\RD individuals. Inside a control cohort of 27 PSC individuals from Oxford with elevated serum IgG4 ( 1.4 g/L) and no histological evidence of IAC, the percentage of blue\collar workers was 22%. Among the PSC individuals, 7% reported any (often incidental) exposure to these compounds. Our earlier getting of clonal expansions of IgG4\switched B cells in individuals with IgG4\RD5 is compatible with the presence of an antigen\driven immune process in these individuals. Given our observed high rate of chronic occupational exposure of two self-employed cohorts of IgG4\RD individuals suggests that chronic exposure to occupational antigens may play a role in the initiation and/or maintenance of IgG4\RD in vulnerable individuals. Lucas J. Maillette de Buy Wenniger, M.D.1* Emma L. Dabigatran etexilate mesylate Culver, M.D.2* Ulrich Beuers, M.D.1 /pre 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Study Academic Medical Center, University or college of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oxford University or college Oxford, UK /pre Notes Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to statement. [The copyright collection for this article was changed on July 20, 2015, after unique online publication.].
